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Summer 2011 Spring 2011 Winter 2011 Autumn 2011 Summer 2010 Spring 2010 Winter 2010 Autumn 2010 Summer 2009 Spring 2009 Winter 2009 Autumn 2009 Summer 2008 Spring 2008 Winter 2008 Autumn 2008 Summer 2006

United Service, Volume 62, Number 4, December 2011

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News

	President's Column
	Policy Submission: Australian Defence Force posture review

Institute Proceedings

	The Army Reserve through the prism of the current commander of the 2nd Division – Craig Williams Major General Williams explains the current role and tasks of Australia’s Army Reserve, especially its 2nd Division, and describes how that will change as Army develops a more effective and efficient total force tailored for Australia’s needs over the next 20 years.
	A Vietnam minefield experience – Tony White Dr White describes treating casualties in a minefield during his deployment to South Vietnam in 1966-67 as regimental medical officer of the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment.
	Submarine development in the 20th century – Chris Wood Rear Admiral Wood describes the evolution of, and the contribution made by, British and Australian submarines during the 20th century.

Contributed Essay

	Afghanistan and the AfPak theatre of operations – Bruce Short Air Vice-Marshal Short traces the recent history of warfare in Afghanistan from 1839 to the present day, putting the current conflict there into its historic perspective.

Book Reviews

	Bad characters: sex, crime, mutiny and murder in the Australian Imperial Force by Peter Stanley – reviewed by Michael Hough Bad Characters deals with the challenges of maintaining discipline in the Australian Imperial Force throughout World War I; and balances the legend of the larrikin Digger hero against the story of those Australian soldiers in the Great War who were not heroes.
	Guadalcanal: World War II’s fiercest naval campaign by Adrian Stewart – reviewed by Priscilla Leece From August 1942 to February 1943, Allied and Japanese naval forces fought six major battles and many smaller actions near the Solomons island of Guadalcanal, as both sides sought the use of its airbase, Henderson Field, to refuel planes for action in the Pacific.
	Stories from Sandakan: 2/18th Bn by Kevin Smith – reviewed by Michael Hough This is an account of how only 10 men out of the 174 all ranks of the 2/18th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force, who were sent by the Japanese as prisoners of war to Sandakan, Borneo, in 1942-43, survived to return to Australia in 1945.
	Starlight: an Australian Army doctor in Vietnam by Dr Tony White, AM, RFD – reviewed by Bruce Short This excellent memoir by the regimental medical officer of the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, during its deployment in South Vietnam in 1966-67, should be prescribed reading for today’s Service health providers.

Cover

Private Tristan Moylan, D Company, 41st Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment, training for operations near Lismore, New South Wales, on 17 September 2011. The 41st Battalion is an Army Reserve light infantry battalion which presently has troops deployed to East Timor for eight months as part of the 8th Brigade (2nd Division) company group serving with the International Stabilisation Force. The current role of the Army Reserve and the preparation of Reservists for operations are described in a paper by Major General Craig Williams. [Photo: John Waddell, Department of Defence]

United Service, Volume 62, Number 3, September 2011

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News

	President's Column and Notices

Defence News

	Royal Australian Navy in review: January to July 2011 – Headquarters, Australian Fleet

Opinion

	Editorial: Australia’s strategic dilemma – balancing China and the United States – David Leece

Institute Proceedings

Inaugural International Defence and Security Dialogue – The Global Security Outlook

	Introduction: the global securit outlook and the Blamey Oration – David Leece
	Part A: A South-Asian Perspective
	The 2011 Blamey Oration: The global strategic outlook: a South-Asian perspective – Arun Kumar Singh Vice-Admiral Singh observes that China and India are becoming global economic powers, whereas the European powers are in decline. China is building its conventional military and space capacity, and is seeking to break free of its geographic and maritime constraints. Pakistan is the epicentre of global terrorism and is struggling to avoid implosion. Towards mid-century, the United States will remain in the top three economies, and may still have the only navy capable of sustained operations in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, while both India and China are likely to have two-ocean navies capable of operations in the Indo-Pacific Region. War or peace in the Indo-Pacific Region will depend in large part on how these three powers interact.
	Part B: Some Australian Perspectives
	Perspective 1 - Hamish McDonald
	Perspective 2 - Andrew Shearer
	Perspective 3 - Rod Lyon
	Perspective 4 - Ross Babbage
	Concluding remarks – Peter Leahy

Book Reviews

	Beneath Hill 60: the Australian miners’ secret warfare beneath the trenches of the Western Front by Will Davies – reviewed by David Leece Beneath Hill 60 is much more than simply the story behind the recent film of the same name. It outlines the history of tunnelling operations in warfare before detailing the use of tunnelling and mining in World War I.
	Bardia: myth, reality and the heirs of Anzac by Craig Stockings – reviewed by John Hitchen In January 1941, 6th Australian Division captured Bardia. Stockings contends controversially that the traditional Bardia story is an example of battlefield ‘truth’ being obscured by Anzac mythology; and examines why the Australians were so successful beyond the ‘innate’ qualities of the Australian infantryman.
	The memoirs of Lord Ismay by General The Lord Ismay – reviewed by Bruce Short This memoir is a masterly narrative by a participant at the very centre of British decision-making during the entire Second World War and, inter alia, provides an excellent account of many aspects of Churchill’s non-public persona.
	All day long the noise of battle by Gerard Windsor – reviewed by Peter Stokes All day long recounts the experiences of C Company, 7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, on Operation Coburg during the 1968 Tet Offensive in Vietnam. Despite being overshadowed by more spectacular battles, it needed to be written and it has been written well.

Cover

	Field Marshal Sir Thomas Albert Blamey, GBE, KCB, CMG, DSO, ED – painting (oil on canvas) by William Dargie, 1969 [Australian War Memorial Negative Number ART27646]. The 2011 Blamey Oration, delivered by Vice-Admiral A. K. Singh, PVSM, AVSM, NM, Indian Navy (Ret’d), at the Institute’s Inaugural International Defence and Security Dialogue on 26 May 2011.

United Service, Volume 62, Number 2, June 2011

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News

	President's Column
	Notices
	Policy Submission: Army Reserve Modernisation – Doug Roser and David Leece

Opinion

	Editorial: Food insecurity – David Leece
	Asymmetric war – Coral Bell
	Letters – Corporal Ben Roberts-Smith, VC, MG Major General P.J.S. Sandhu Major K.S. Myers

Institute Proceedings

	The structure of global power and Australia's role – Geoffrey Garrett Professor Garrett reviews the current structure of global power and concludes that the demise of the United States has been exaggerated; and the United States and China are joined at the economic hip. Australia is a key partner in the United States–China relationship, as much economically as geopolitically.
	The Australian landings on Gallipoli: myth versus reality – Hugh Dolan Squadron Leader Dolan examines several myths about the landings at ANZAC Cove on 25 April 1915 which together make up the Gallipoli legend. He demonstrates, with research into primary sources, that the reality was quite different. Far from being a disaster, the ANZAC landings constituted a successful, daring and unorthodox amphibious assault which achieved its strategic objective.

Contributed Essay

Retreat to Imita: the final stage of the Australian withdrawal on the Kokoda Trail – Rowan Tracey Rowan Tracey re-examines the historic record of the Kokoda campaign of 1942. He concludes controversially that, had the Australian reinforcements gone straight to Ioribaiwa, the retreat to Imita Ridge would not have been necessary; and that the subsequent follow-up of the Japanese withdrawal was anything but vigorous.

Obituary

	Jack Trevor Murn – Keith Pryor Jack Murn was the first merchant mariner to become a member of the Institute.

Book Reviews

	Grant takes command: the vital years of the American Civil War by Bruce Catton – reviewed by Priscilla Leece Pulitzer Prize winning historian Bruce Catton, chronicles the final two years of the American Civil War, with a focus on Ulysses S. Grant, the North’s most successful general.
	36 days: the untold story behind the Gallipoli landings by Hugh Dolan – reviewed by Ian Boys At Gallipoli in 1915, the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force had only 36 days in which to plan and execute the largest seaborne assault ever conducted and do so at multiple points along a well-defended shoreline without the element of surprise. Dolan describes how they did it.
	Red One: a bomb disposal expert on the front line by Captain Kevin Ivison, GM – reviewed by Eric Ralphs Red One is the gripping autobiography of a young British bomb disposal officer, focusing primarily on his terrifying experiences in Iraq in 2005-06 facing daily rocket attacks and terrorist bombs.
	The causes of war by Geoffrey Blainey – reviewed by Bruce Short Blainey’s up-dated treatise is a survey of all the international wars fought since 1700 up to and including the nuclear era. It is a seminal discourse on the causes of war and peace.

Cover

The 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, marked the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Kapyong with a ceremonial parade at Holsworthy Barracks on 24 April 2011. Here, the Colours are marched on parade. In this Korean War battle on 24 April 1951, the Australian battalion and a Canadian unit halted an attacking Chinese infantry division and prevented the capital of South Korea from falling into enemy hands. In doing so, 32 Australians were killed and 53 were wounded. [Photo: Department of Defence]

United Service, Volume 62, Number 1, March 2011

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News

	President's Column and Notices

Defence News

	The Victoria Cross awarded to Corporal Ben Roberts-Smith – Department of Defence

Opinion

	Editorials: The Middle East in turmoil; Australia’s defence industry; the Australian flag – David Leece Letter – A flag for all Australians – Laurie Hindmarsh

Institute Proceedings

	The 2010 Sir Herman Black Lecture: Review of major international strategic policy developments of 2010 – Andrew Shearer Andrew Shearer reviews the major international strategic policy developments of 2010 and comments on what they might mean for Australia and for our national security. These trends will continue in 2011, subject to two critical variables: the rate at which the economies of the West recover; and the sustainability of China’s growth.
	Australia’s national security – Michael Shoebridge Michael Shoebridge outlines Australia’s new national security policy and modus operandi. He enumerates several recent achievements, and then describes the challenges that must now be addressed and their implications for the defence and national security agencies.
	Australia’s defence industry: one last chance – Paul Johnson Australia’s once capable defence industry has been allowed to decline and may soon become essentially a sustainment industry. A new submarine construction programme could prove to be the circuit breaker that we urgently need.

Contributed Essay

	Genocide in the 20th century – Bruce Short Bruce Short explains the modern concept of genocide and illustrates it by drawing examples from the 20th century. He concludes that genocide remains both the gravest and the greatest of the crimes against humanity.

Book Reviews

	The Blue Nile by Alan Moorehead – reviewed by David Leece This is a well-written history of the Blue Nile from 1762 to 1868, including Bruce’s initial survey of the river (1762- 73), the French invasion of Egypt (1798), the Turkish conquest of the Sudan (1821) and the British expedition to Ethiopia (1868).
	Four years to remember with RAF Bomber Command: memories of an Australian pilot during WWII by Flight Lieutenant George M. Burcher – reviewed by Tony Mumford This is the autobiography of a Royal Australian Air Force pilot who flew with the Royal Air Force’s No. 10 Squadron, Bomber Command, on operations over Europe during World War II.
	Aussie soldiers reflect on the Rwandan genocide by Kevin O’Halloran – reviewed by Bruce Short The 1994 Rwandan Genocide cost up to 1 million lives in a little over 100 days. A small team of ADF medical and security personnel did their best to assist the victims.

Cover

	Corporal Benjamin Roberts-Smith, VC, MG, Special Air Service Regiment, the 98th Australian to have been awarded the Victoria Cross. [Photo: Department of Defence].

United Service, Volume 61, Number 4, December 2010

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News

	President's Column
	Notices

Opinion and letters

	The global strategic outlook - David Leece Women serving as infantry in combat - Bill Phillips Origin of the Australian Flag - Australian National Flag Association (Letters) Conflict in command during the Kokoda campaign - Gordon Maitland; David McLachlan A flag for all Australians - John Howells; Ken Myers The Fovant Badges - Geoffrey Cotte

Institute Proceedings

	Forces Command – David Morrison Army’s new Forces Command combines the former Land and Training Commands and comprises some 85 per cent of the Australian Army. Here, General Morrison explains why it was formed and where it is heading.
	Gliding off to war: the use of gliders as weapons in World War II – James Oglethorpe This account of glider warfare during World War II details the operational use of gliders and explains why they quickly disappeared from military inventories after the war.

Contributed Essay

	Keeping the peace – Egypt 1919 – Michael Tyquin This is a little known account of early Australian peacekeeping efforts by the ANZAC Mounted Division during the Egyptian Rebellion of 1919.

Book Reviews

	The ANZACS: Gallipoli to the Western Front by Peter Pedersen – reviewed by David Leece This is an excellent, one-volume account of the contribution of the Australian Imperial Force, including the Australian Flying Corps, to the Great War of 1914-18.
	Rommel’s desert war: waging World War II in North Africa, 1941–1943 by Martin Kitchen – reviewed by Michael Hough This is a meticulous, research-based insight into the Afrika Korps campaign and the reasons Rommel has remained the most revered Axis-power military leader of World War II.
	Operation Victory by Major-General Sir Francis de Guingand – reviewed by Bruce Short From our library, this is the personal memoir of the chief-of-staff of Eighth Army (1942–43) and 21st Army Group (1944–45) in World War II.
	Cruiser: the life and loss of HMAS Perth and her crew by Mike Carlton – reviewed by David Leach Cruiser is an heroic work which tracks the two-and-a-half years’ service of the light cruiser, HMAS Perth, from July l939 until her sinking in the Sunda Strait on 1 March l942.

Cover

An M1 Abrahms Main Battle Tank and a Tiger Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter at Lavarack Barracks, Townsville, on 5 October 2010 during the build-up to Exercise Hamel, the first major field exercise conducted by the Army’s new Forces Command. Exercise Hamel was held in the Townsville and Tully Training Areas from 10 October to 11 November 2010 and involved more than 6000 troops from Australia, New Zealand and the United States. Commander Forces Command, Major General David Morrison, describes Forces Command and its functions. [Photo: Department of Defence].

United Service, Volume 61, Number 3, September 2010

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News

	President's Column
	Notices

Opinion

	Australia’s commitment to Afghanistan – David Leece
	Letters

Institute Proceedings

	Australia’s air combat capability 2010 – 2020 – Mel Hupfeld Australia’s small, but potent, air combat capability is being upgraded to maintain its deterrence and regional competitiveness over the next decade and beyond.
	John and Craig Laffin – Philip Carey The late John Laffin, a military historian, acquired a vast library including many books of extraordinary heritage value. His son, Craig, has donated some 4000 of them to the Institute.
	Forgotten ANZACs: the campaign in Greece, 1941 – Peter Ewer Ewer outlines the background to the ill-fated Greek campaign, describes some of the Corps’ major battles and details its eventual fate once withdrawal from Greece became inevitable. Use the button to your lrft to view a video of the presentation.
	Japanese submarine attack on Sydney Harbour, 31 May 1942 – Bob Treloar Three Japanese midget submarines attacked naval shipping in Sydney Harbour on the night of 31 May 1942. Treloar outlines the background to the attack, the operation and its aftermath.

History Note

	Afghanistan: a brief history of recent land invasions – Bruce Short The current conflict in Afghanistan needs to be understood against a background of five attempts since 1839 by foreign powers to impose their will on Afghanistan.

Biography

	Who was …… Charles Frederick Cox? – David Leece Major-General C. F. Cox, CB, CMG, DSO, VD, a citizen cavalryman and Boer War hero, commanded the Australian 1st Light Horse Brigade in Sinai and Palestine in World War I.

Obituary

	Rear Admiral N. S. Coates, AM, RAN – David Leece Rear Admiral Nigel Coates, a former vice-patron of the Institute (2007 – 2009), has died after a short illness.

Book Reviews

	Light Horse: a history of Australia’s mounted arm by Jean Bou – reviewed by Roland Millbank This excellent book examines the Light Horse from its colonial origins to its demise in 1944.
	The name’s still Charlie: a biography of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Green, DSO by Olwyn Green – reviewed by David Leece Green, a citizen soldier pre- and post-World War II, commanded 2/11th Australian Infantry Battalion in New Guinea (1945) and 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, in Korea (1950).
	Red coat dreaming: how colonial Australia embraced the British Army by Craig Wilcox – reviewed by Roland Millbank Wilcox blends military, personal and social history to produce a most interesting and readable account of the period in the 19th century when the British Army was also Australia’s army.
	The Sydney Sailors’ Home 1859 – 2009: 150 years of caring for seafarers by Jan Bowen – reviewed by David Leece This beautifully written and presented book traces the history of the Sydney Sailors’ Home which, from 1865 – 1979, provided accommodation for merchant seafarers in Sydney.
	Those damned rebels: Britain’s American empire in revolt by Michael Pearson and The Revolutionary War and the military policy of the United States by Francis Vinton Greene – both reviewed by Priscilla Leece These books, one written from the British, the other from the American, perspective, challenged my previous understandings of the American War of Independence (1775-81).
	Diggers and Greeks: the Australian campaigns in Greece and Crete by Maria Hill – reviewed by John Hitchen This account of the attempted defence of Greece and Crete in April-May 1941 uniquely examines relationships that Australian soldiers formed with the Greek civilian population.
	Danger close: commanding 3 Para in Afghanistan by Colonel Stuart Tootall DSO OBE – reviewed by Terry Smith Danger close is a first-hand account by the commanding officer of 3rd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment, of the British entry into Helmand province, Afghanistan, in 2006.

Cover

	As Air Commodore Mel Hupfeld explains, Australia is acquiring 24 Block II F/A18-F Super Hornet (Rhino), a truly multi-role aircraft, as a bridging combat aircraft during the transition to the F35 Joint Strike Fighter. Here, the first of the Australian Super Hornets are ferried across the Pacific on 19 March 2010. [Photo: Department of Defence]

United Service, Volume 61, Number 2, June 2010

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News

	President's Column
	Notices

Opinion

	Nuclear proliferation - David Leece
	Lessons from the employment of Reservists in the British Expeditionary Force in 1914 – Bruce Short
	Letter: A flag for all Australians – Ken Myers

Institute Proceedings

	The Royal Australian Navy Fleet: past, present and future – Steve Gilmore Rear Admiral Steve Gilmore, recently appointed commander of the Australian Fleet, outlines the Fleet’s capabilities, its current operations and his plans for its future development.
	Roseville to ‘Prunesville’: the ups and downs of a boy airman in England in World War II – Stuart Doyle Stuart Doyle was stationed in England when serving with Bomber Command during World War II. Here, he shares some light-hearted and humorous recollections of his English sojourn.
	The recovery of bodies from the Battle of Fromelles – Mike O’Brien The bodies of 250 Allied soldiers killed during the Battle of Fromelles on 19-20 July 1916, previously buried en masse , have been re-buried individually in a new military cemetery.

Contributed Essay

	Conflict in command during the Kokoda campaign of 1942: did General Blamey deserve the blame? – Rowan Tracey Rowan Tracey re-examines the evidence which led General T. A. Blamey to sack Lieutenant-General S. F. Rowell, Major-General A. S. Allen and Brigadier A. W . Potts in 1942.

Biography

	Who was …… Gideon James Grieve? – Donald Ramsay During the Boe War (1899 – 1902), Lieutenant G. J. Grieve was killed-in-action at the battle of Paardeberg on 18 February 1900 while gallantly commanding a company of The Black Watch.

Book Reviews

	The Royal Australian Navy and MacArthur by Ian Pfennigwerth – reviewed by David Leach This professional work records the contribution of Australia’s navy to the war in the Pacific in 1942–1945 and provides a new perspective on MacArthur’s part in the eventual Allied victory.
	The history of the University of New South Wales Regiment 1952 – 2006 by D. J. Deasey and K. J. McKay – reviewed by Rod White This is a magnificent record of the University of New South Wales Regiment. It will become a major reference on the development of pre-commissioning training in the reserve forces.
	The last parallel: a marine’ s war journal by Martin Russ – reviewed by David Leece United States Marine Corps Corporal Martin Russ, whose 1st Marine Division faced the Chinese Army in Korea in 1953, paints an excellent picture of life and combat on the front line.

Cover

Lieutenant Anita Nemarich, RAN, navigating officer of HMAS Anzac , on the port bridge wing during fleet training in the Eastern Australian Exercise Areas on 5 March 2010. In this issue (above), Rear Admiral Steve Gilmore, AM, CSC , RAN, commander of the Australian Fleet, who is responsible for raising and training fleet personnel and units, outlines the Fleet’s capabilities, its current operations and his plans for its future development. [Photo: Department of Defence]

United Service, Volume 61, Number 1, March 2010

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News Notices and Opinion

	From the President
	Editorial: Global balance of power – David Leece, and Australia Day Honours 2010

Institute Proceedings

	Review of major inter national strategic policy developments of 2009 – Andrew Shearer Andrew Shearer reviews 2009’s major international policy developments relevant to Australia and comments on what they might mean for us and our national security. He focuses on: national institutions, policies and political leadership; the nation-state; global power shifts to Asia; power shifts within Asia; and non-traditional threats. He concludes that, in 2009, Australia again showed itself to be the ‘lucky country’, but it cannot afford to be complacent.
	Gallipoli and its history in the media – Harvey Broadbent Harvey Broadbent examines the way the media have presented the Gallipoli story over the past 90 years. For the first 50 years, the media presented the Anzacs at Gallipoli as creating a distinctive tradition by exhibiting qualities such as mateship and military prowess. This abruptly changed in the 1960s to a claim that the earlier message was essentially an overly generalised myth perpetuated to develop a national identity. Since the 1980s, a more balanced blend of these two messages has evolved.

Contributed Essays

	State-sponsored terrorism: torture and the FLN in the Battle of the Casbah, Algiers, 1956-1957 – Bruce Short Systematic use of torture was French government policy in the Battle of the Casbah from June 1956 to September 1957. The wider ramifications of this policy for France and the international community are described, including France’s relations with the United Nations and the role of the Maghreb nationalists and the Afro-Asian bloc. The impact of the 1957 Suez Crisis is also explored, together with who was responsible for initiating the torture policy, why France fought such a bitter conflict, and the over all human costs of the war.
	What is there to tell? – Bill Phillips Recognising the desire of new generations to learn what war was like f o r those who have fought for Australia and the frequent reluctance of those who have fought to share their experiences, Bill Phillips has drawn on his diaries to record a typical day in the life of an Australian infantryman on Bougainville in 1945

Biography

Who was …… Charles Henry Brand? – A. J. Sweeting [edited by David Leece] Major-General C. H. Brand, CB , CMG, DSO, a Boer War veteran, joined the permanent military forces in 1905. In the Great War, he was brigade major of 3rd Brigade at the Gallipoli landing (1915) and later commanded the 8 Battalion at Steele’s Post. In France and Flanders (1916 – 1918), he commanded 4th Infantry Brigade. Post-war, he held senior army staff appointments until retiring in 1933, and then represented Victoria in the Senate until 1947. He was president of The United Service Institution of New South Wales in 1924.

Book Reviews

	From cadet to colonel: the record of a life of active service by Sir Thomas Seaton (1866) Spoken from the front: real heroes from the battlefields of Afghanistan edited by Andy McNab – both reviewed by David Leece With Britain again at war in Afghanistan, it is instructive to compare the current experience with that of the 19th century Little has changed fundamentally over the last 160 years . From cadet to colonel is an officer’ s diary of the campaigns of the British and Indian armies in Afghanistan and India from 1822 to 1860. Spoken from the front pro v ides an insight into modern war fighting at the tactical level as experienced by British service personnel in Afghanistan between 2006 and 2008.
	Mont St Quentin: a soldier’s battle by Bill Billett – reviewed by Gordon Maitland I would have liked to have reported favourably on this book, but, I cannot. The book comprises 184 pages, but only 68 pages are given to the actual battle. The author appears to have read widely (but only from British sources) and adds a deal of padding without regard to the relevance of the material.
	The Australian Light Horse by Roland Perry – reviewed by Roland Millbank There have been a number of books written on the Australian Light Horse so I approached this book seeking a new perspective on this well-known chronicle of the Great War . I did not find a convincing one . That said, The Australian Light Horse is a very readable story.
	First blood: Australia's first great sea battle by Larry Writer – reviewed by Richard Francis This is the latest book on the victory of the light cruiser, HMAS Sydney, over the elusive German commerce raider, SMS Emden, in the Indian Ocean early in the first year of Word War 1. While the story is well known and worthy of a fresh approach, this book fails to satisfy any serious nautical reader, despite being well-researched.

Cover

The Defence Signals Directorate Cyber Security Operations Centre on 13 January 2010. It assesses cyber threats to Australia and coordinates responses to cyber incidents of national importance . It is staffed by information technology experts, engineers, analysts and scientists. Cyber threats are a growing risk to national security and became increasingly so during 2009. [Photo: Department of Defence].

United Service, Volume 60, Number 4, December 2009

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News and Notices

	From the President
	Council’s Report to the Members 2008-09 and Notices

Comment and Opinion

	Pakistan – David Leece Brigadier David Leece comments on the successes and failures of the 2009 ‘fighting season’ in Pakistan. Australia’s Defence White Paper and China – David Leece Brigadier David Leece comments on China’s response to Australia’s recently released defence policy.

Lectures and Presentations

	The future of the Royal United Services Institute – Chris Richie Vice Admiral Chris Ritchie, the National President, presents a strategic review of the Royal United Services Institute in Australia, concluding with his vision for its development over the next five years.
	Border Protection Command – Kevin Downs Border Protection Command (BPC) is the Australian Government’s lead organisation for security response in the Australian maritime domain. It is a standing multi-agency task force, which, during a civil maritime emergency, may draw on officers from many commonwealth, state and territory government agencies as well as civilian contractors, under the operational control of a two-star admiral, to address the threat. Wing Commander Kevin Downs outlines the role and composition of BPC and explains how it executes its function.
	The State Emergency Service of New South Wales – Murray Kear Commissioner Murray Kear explains the role of the State Emergency Service and how it fits into the wider emergency management framework which addresses natural disasters and other emergency incidents in New South Wales. The State Emergency Service is the lead combat agency for flood, storm and tsunami. It also supports other combat agencies when they have the lead in disasters and emergencies such as bushfires, road-crash rescues in regional areas, and search and rescue (urban, alpine and bush).

Biography

Who was ……. Charles Rosenthal? – A. J. Hill [edited by David Leece] Major-General Sir Charles Rosenthal was a citizen artilleryman who in the Great War rose to command the 2nd Australian Division during the final offensives of 1918. After the War, he was President of the United Service Institution of New South Wales, a Sydney alderman and a member of the New South Wales Parliament. During World War II, he was Administrator of Norfolk Island.

Obituary

	Private Edward Kenna, VC – Gordon Maitland Private Edward (Ned) Kenna, 2/4th Australian Infantry Battalion, 6th Australian Division, won the Victoria Cross during an attack on the Japanese at Wirui Mission (near Wewak), New Guinea, on 15 May 1945. He died last July and was accorded a State Funeral at St. Patrick’s Roman Catholic Cathedral, Melbourne.

Book Reviews

	The proud 6th: an illustrated history of the 6th Australian Division 1939 – 1946 by Mark Johnston – reviewed by Michael Hough The 6th Australian Division was the first infantry division to be raised as part of the 2nd Australian Imperial Force in 1939. The author combines a compelling treatment of the human level of military operations, an attractive writing style that makes complex war situations readily understandable, and an excellent use of photographs from war archives and personal diaries – a most impressive and highly readable book.
	Sydney cipher and search: solving the last great naval mystery of the Second World War by Captain Peter Hore – reviewed by Richard Francis This is the latest book on the discovery of the wrecks of HMAS Sydney and the German auxiliary cruiser HSK Kormoran in 2008. It is a gripping book, so well written that it is impossible to put down. The author has been involved in research on Sydney for nearly 10 years and while there was not much new to discover in the official records, his measured application in partnership with wreck hunter David Mearns delivered the goods.
	Somme mud: the war experiences of an Australian infantryman in France 1916 – 1919 by E. P. F. Lynch (Will Davies, editor) – reviewed by David Leece The Great War has spawned some remarkable books over the 90 years since its cessation, yet this book is among the best of them. It describes trench warfare on the Western Front as experienced by the common soldier – in this case an Australian infantry private who fought in each of the major campaigns from late 1916 to the war’s end.

Cover

	HMAS Darwin in the South China Sea on 15 October 2009 during Exercise Bersama Lima 2009, a Five-Power Defence Arrangements exercise involving defence forces from Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and the United Kingdom [Photo: Department of Defence].

United Service, Volume 60, Number 3, September 2009

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News and Notices

	From the President
	Notices

Comment and Opinion

	Australia’s Defence White Paper 2009 – David Leece The Commonwealth Government released its long-anticipated Defence White Paper 2009, which sets out its defence policy for the next two decades, on 2 May 2009. Here, Brigadier David Leece outlines its main provisions.

Lectures and Presentations

	Defence White Paper 2009: what does it mean for the Australian Defence Force Reserves? – Greg Melick Major General Greg Melick outlines the implications of the Defence White Paper 2009 for the Navy, Army and Air Force Reserves. It requires them to make an even greater contribution to operational capability and to current operations than they have done in the very busy decade just past. Operational deployment at some stage of an individual’s career will be expected as a natural consequence of part-time service in the Australian Defence Force.
	HMAS AE2 – Terence Roach On 25 April each year, Australians focus on the heroic exploits of the Australian Army at Gallipoli. As the soldiers landed on the beaches, however, some 80 kilometres away in the Dardanelles Strait, Australian sailors in the submarine, HMAS AE2, were on a hazardous mission to support their brothers-in-arms ashore. Here, Commodore Terry Roach tells their story and then outlines recent steps to commemorate their deeds and secure the wreck of the AE2.

Contributed papers

	The new Armed Forces Act of the United Kingdom – Nigel Evans Britain has replaced its single-service discipline acts with a single tri-service act. Here, Nigel Evans explains the background to these changes and outlines the key provisions of the new legislation.
	The Indian Mutiny – John Muir With the British Army currently battling a Pashtun insurgency in southern Afghanistan, it can be instructive to recall how the British Army has dealt with previous uprisings in southern Asia. In this extract from his unpublished memoirs, the late Private John Muir recounts his experiences as a private soldier in the 42nd Regiment during the Indian Mutiny of 1857, which was a serious challenge to British rule in India.

Biography

	Who was ……. John Soame Richardson? – David Leece Major-General J. S. Richardson, CB, a veteran of the Crimean (1855) and Maori (1860-61 and 1862-64) wars, was Commandant of the New South Wales Military Forces from 1865 to 1892. He commanded the New South Wales Contingent during the Soudan Expedition (1885) and founded The United Service Institution of New South Wales in 1888.

Book Reviews

	Escapes and incursions: Sabah 1942-45 by Kevin Smith – reviewed by Roland Millbank Escapes and Incursions is three, separate, interwoven stories. There is the story of the Australian prisoners of war; there is the story of the official attempts to harass the Japanese and rescue the prisoners (Z Force); and finally, there are the stories of the local people who risked everything, including their families, to help advance the allies to victory over Japan.
	The Mississippi Valley in the Civil War by John Fiske – reviewed by Priscilla Leece John Fiske, a noted 19th century American historian, succinctly outlines the strategy and tactics of the major western battles during the American Civil War. The reader emerges with a clear understanding of the naval and land campaign that led the collapse of the Confederacy’s western flank with the destruction of Hood’s army at Nashville in December 1864.
	The longest siege: Tobruk, the battle that saved North Africa by Robert Lyman – reviewed by Michael Hough The Longest Siege is a comprehensive, tactical-level review of the siege of Tobruk, a strategic port in North Africa, by the Axis and its successful defence by the Allies during World War II.
	Military of the Hunter: citizen defence forces of Newcastle and the Hunter Valley 1855 to 2005 edited by L B Kelly – reviewed by David Leece Military of the Hunter records the important contribution made by the citizen naval, military and air force units of Newcastle and the Hunter Valley of New South Wales to the defence of Australia over the past 150 years. It is a valuable contribution to the military and social history of both the Colony of New South Wales and the later Commonwealth of Australia.

Cover

	Soldiers of Australian Monitoring and Reconstruction Task Force 2 on patrol in the Baluchi Valley, Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan, on 3 July 2009, seeking to improve security in the valley ahead of upcoming elections. MRTF2 is based on 1st Battalion Royal Australian Regiment Battle Group [Photo: Department of Defence].

United Service, Volume 60, Number 2, June 2009

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News and Notices

	From the President
	Notices

Special Feature: The War in Afghanistan

	Introduction: The war in Afghanistan and its wider context – David Leece Australia is at war in Afghanistan and has been for more than seven years. In this introduction to a special feature on the war, Brigadier David Leece, editor of United Service, traces the history of the war and explains that, over the last two years, the Taliban has launched an increasingly successful insurgency war in southern and eastern Afghanistan from bases in Pakistan, with a view to making the continued occupation of Afghanistan impossible for the occupying governments to sustain politically, if not militarily. He outlines the current global context in which the war is being fought, focusing on those aspects of the wider global situation which are having a strong influence on the war, namely recent changes in United States foreign policy, the improving situation in Iraq, and the very difficult situation in Pakistan.
	Strategic Level: Can the war in Afghanistan be won? – Jim Molan On 24 February 2009, Major General Jim Molan addressed the Institute on the topic “Modern warfare – an Australian general’s perspective”, in which he drew heavily on his recent operational experience, especially as director of operations of allied forces in Iraq in 2004-05. In this essay, General Molan applies the insights he gained and lessons he learned in Iraq to the current conflict in Afghanistan. He observes that the conflict is not going well and that the probability is that we will lose unless we change our approach to it. He outlines what the allies must do to win and canvasses options available to the Australian government and defence force. While a synopsis of his views has been published in the daily press, this is the first time that the full paper has been published.
	Operational & Tactical Levels: Securing Afghanistan’s future: Reconstruction Task Force Operations in Uruzgan Province – Stuart Yeaman In his essay commencing on p. 10 on what must be done to win the war in Afghanistan, Major General Jim Molan observes that it is inevitable that the military will have to deliver reconstruction in the early stages of a counter insurgency campaign; and that this is now happening in Afghanistan. In this paper, Lieutenant Colonel Stuart Yeaman reports on the Australian reconstruction operations in Uruzgan Province in 2008 and their increasing success in winning ‘the battle for the hearts and minds’ of the local population.
	Tactical Level: A day with the cavalry in Afghanistan – Hayden Archibald Major Hayden Archibald, then a captain on exchange with the United States 101st Combat Aviation Brigade, describes a day in the life of a helicopter pilot in Afghanistan in 2008.
	Tactical Level: Senior Taliban leader killed in Oruzgan – Department of Defence A senior Taliban insurgent leader, Mullah Abdul Bari, was killed in Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan, in March 2009 in an operation by Australian Special Forces and Afghan National Army troops.

Lectures and Presentations

Mine warfare and clearance diving in the Royal Australian Navy: strategic need and future capability – Martin Brooker The Australian Navy Mine Warfare and Clearance Diving Group was formed in 2001 from the Australian Mine Warfare and Clearance Diving Forces as part of a reorganisation of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The group’s function is to manage all inputs, services and resources needed to deliver the mine warfare and clearance diving capabilities required to fight and win at sea and to contribute to military support operations. In this paper, Captain Martin Brooker outlines the strategic need for a mine warfare and clearance diving capability in the RAN, the history of the capability and future requirements.

Cover

	Australian and Afghan National Army engineers, assisted by local Afghan civilians, constructing a creek crossing in Uruzgan Province, Afghanistan, in 2008. The war in Afghanistan is the main theme of this issue of United Service. Note: the provincial name is spelt variously “Uruzgan” and “Oruzgan”. [Photo: Department of Defence]

United Service, Volume 60, Number 1, March 2009

ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Institute News and Notices

	From the President and notices

Comment and Opinion

	Editorials National Security Statement comment on the statement by the Prime Minister to Parliament on 4 December 2008 Defence White Paper comment on the white paper due to be released by mid 2009 Re-building Australia’s Shipping Industry comment on a Commonwealth parliamentary standing committee report on a 2008 inquiry into coastal shipping policy and regulation Letter on Infantry Morale

Biography

	Trooper Mark Gregor Strang Donaldson, VC – Department of Defence Trooper M. G. S. Donaldson has been awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia for most conspicuous acts of gallantry in action in a circumstance of great peril in Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan. This article includes a biography of Trooper Donaldson, his Victoria Cross citation and a brief history of the Victoria Cross.

Lectures and Presentations

	Defence white papers: an alternative view – Neil James Australia’s Defence white papers have a poor record. There has been confusion of defence policy with defence strategy; and illogical attempts to predict the future in detail and then narrowly configure the defence force accordingly – with disastrous results. Previous white papers were driven by the funding thought to be available politically. Instead, there should have been robust assessments of our strategic situation and only then decisions made about what could be afforded and what would have to be risk-managed otherwise. Neil James considers that prospects are better for the white paper due to be released in early to mid-2009. In this paper, he outlines what he considers has gone wrong in the past and what needs to be done to ensure that future white papers make an intellectually robust and effective contribution to Australia’s defence preparedness.
	International security in 2008: the year in review – Rory Medcalf 2008 saw many challenges to international security. In this paper, Rory Medcalf highlights the ones that he considers were of most significance from the perspective of Australia’s national security, focusing on events that tell us something about how our world will be five, ten or twenty years from now and drawing out lessons from them for our future defence and security policy, including the forthcoming Defence white paper.

Commemorative Feature

The Western Front 1918: victory and armistice – Philip Carey After more than three years of stalemate and grinding frustration, accompanied by extremely heavy casualties, warfare on the Western Front suddenly broke into a fierce war of manoeuvre that left both sides reeling between the exaltation of astounding success and the deep despondency of looming defeat. The Australian Imperial Force, though lucky to miss the ferocity of the German spring offensive, nevertheless helped to stem the tide and go on to play a significant part in at least the beginning of an astonishing fight back by the British Armies in France in the last 100 days of the War. In this second of two articles [The first was P. R. Carey (2008). The Western Front 1918: an advance towards victory. United Service 59 (3), 21-24.], Philip Carey traces that remarkable turn of events after 8 August 1918.

Book Reviews

	Churchill and Australia by Graham Freudenberg – reviewed by Ken Broadhead This book covers the extraordinary saga of Churchill’s relationship with Australia from 1907 to 1955. Churchill, although widely admired in Australia, is portrayed here as totally focused on the security of Britain and the use of Dominions’ assets to support that security, irrespective of their interests and wishes. Freudenberg concludes that the principal lesson that Australians should draw from this relationship is the extent to which we must rely upon ourselves. This book will be hailed as an Australian masterpiece.
	Soldiers without borders: beyond the SAS a global network of brothers-in-arms by Ian McPhedran – reviewed by David Leece There comes a time in most military careers when ‘regimental soldiering’ is clearly coming to an end and a decision has to be made about what to do next – learn to ‘fly a military desk’ or carve out a new career in the civilian world. Soldiers without borders tells the stories of some 40 former members of Australia’s elite Special Air Service (SAS) Regiment, who, when they reached this mid-career decision-point, chose the civilian option.
	Scarecrow army: the Anzacs at Gallipoli by Leon Davidson – reviewed by David Leece Scarecrow Army is a brief account of the military contribution made by Australia and New Zealand to the Gallipoli Campaign from 25 April to 19 December 1915. While written for children aged 9 years and older, it is also suitable for anyone seeking a concise summary of the campaign and the key battles in which the Anzacs fought.

Cover

	Trooper M. G. S. Donaldson, VC, Special Air Service Regiment, who has been awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia for most conspicuous acts of gallantry in Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan, on 2 September 2008. A biography of Trooper Donaldson, including his VC citation, is included in this issue - see above [Photo: Department of Defence]

United Service, Volume 59, Number 4, December 2008

– ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Lectures and Presentations

The Australian Army – Lieutenant General Ken Gillespie Australia’s naval, military and air forces have evolved into a unified Australian Defence Force which deploys purpose-specific joint task forces to conduct operations under the direction of Headquarters Joint Operations Command. In this paper, the new Chief of Army outlines the role of the Army within the new Australian Defence Force command and control paradigm, explains the need for Army’s structure to be adapted to that paradigm and provides an insight into the intellectual underpinning of Army’s ongoing modernisation.

Challenges facing the Australian Army’s Land Command – Major General Mark Kelly Land Command has commanded the bulk of the Army’s conventional land forces since its inception as a functional command in November 1973. Since this time, Field Force Command (as it was known until 1987) and Land Command have been responsible for ensuring Army’s conventional forces are trained, equipped, manned and ready to deploy on operations. In this paper, the Land Commander details the contemporary challenges facing the command as it contends with a high operational tempo in a period of strategic uncertainty.

The Royal Australian Navy in Malaya, Malaysia and Singapore, 1948-1971 – Dr Ian Pfennigwerth Between 1948, when Australia assumed strategic responsibility for British Commonwealth sea lines of communication to and from South-East Asia, and 1971, when the Five-Power Defence Arrangements came into effect, ships and men of the Royal Australian Navy served with almost unnoticed distinction in defending the newly emerging nations of Malaya, Malaysia and Singapore. In this paper, Ian Pfennigwerth outlines the role the Navy played during the Malayan Emergency in the 1950s, the early development of the Royal Malayan Navy and Indonesia’s ‘confrontation’ of Malaysia in the early-mid 1960s.

Contributed Essay

Fromelles 1916: Is the Australian Official History more ‘truthful’ than the British? – Mr Chris Baker The report of the Battles Nomenclature Committee, published in May 1921, gave title to an inglorious episode that took place south of Armentières on 19 July 1916: the Attack at Fromelles. This essay examines the treatment of this event by the Australian and British official historians, including the different philosophical approaches guiding the historians, and assesses the relative accuracy and ‘truthfulness’ of the resulting histories.

Commemorative Feature

Coral and Balmoral: Vietnam, May-June 1968 – Brigadier David Leece 2008 is the 40th anniversary of the battle for fire support bases Coral and Balmoral, where some 2000 Australian and New Zealand soldiers were confronted by more than 5000 North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong troops between 12 May and 6 June 1968. It was the largest Australian engagement of the Vietnam War and Australia’s largest land battle since World War II.

Book Reviews

	Climate wars by Gwynne Dyer – reviewed by Dr David Leece In 2007, Professor Alan Dupont forecast that global climate change would pose extraordinary challenges to 21st century society and become the international security issue of the century. Since then several books have been published that expand on this theme. They vary in quality, but this one by Gwynne Dyer is one of the best. I commend it particularly to younger Defence Force officers, staff college students, diplomats and the like who want a glimpse of the world over the span of their careers.
	The Collins class submarine story by Peter Yule and Derek Woolner – reviewed by Rear Admiral Tony Hunt The construction of the Collins-class submarines was Australia’s largest and most expensive military purchase of the 20th century. This book tells the story of the project from its origins in the late 1970s to the final delivery of the sixth boat in 2003. The nation now has a fleet of exceptional submarines, much advantage was gained within local industry and the political storm surrounding the project seems to have abated. This is a well constructed history of an important national project and essential pre-reading for future directors of major projects.

Cover

	Lieutenant General K. J. Gillespie, AO, DSC, CSM, Chief of Army, who was the guest-of-honour at the Institute’s 120th Anniversary Dinner on 22 August 2008. General Gillespie’s address is included in this issue see above. [Photo: Department of Defence]

United Service, Volume 59, Number 3, September 2008

– ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Lectures and Presentations

Countering the improvised explosive devices threat – Phil Winter, Alex Meiliunas and Steve Bliss The improvised explosive device (IED) has become an enemy weapon of choice in the urban guerrilla warfare being waged against coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Australian Defence Force has formed a counter-IED task force to study this development and to devise counter measures. In this paper, the nature of the threat is explained and actions being taken to counter it are outlined.

Contributed Review

Bioterrorism: menace of microbiological science – Bruce Short Air Vice-Marshal Bruce Short, former Surgeon–General of the ADF, reviews the development of biological warfare technologies and the international safeguards and monitoring systems enacted since World War I. He describes some recent agents that have been weaponised by genetic engineering; outlines the Soviet experience with inhalational anthrax disease; and overviews recently developed global public health surveillance systems which may provide early warning of bioterrorism.

Commemorative Features

	The Western Front 1918: an advance towards victory – Philip Carey 1918 has been described as the most dramatic and decisive year in British military history to that time. Defeat stared the Allies in the face early on, yet in the summer the British and French Armies staged a remarkable recovery and began to drive the German armies back. The Australian Imperial Force shared both the crises and successes of that year. In this first of two articles, Brigadier Philip Carey provides an overview of the dramatic events in the summer of 1918 that began the advance to final victory by the Entente Powers.
	HMAS Armidale: a story of survival – Brian Swan This is a story of an Australian corvette and her company who, while doing their job in the Timor Sea on 1December 1942, quite unexpectedly found themselves in an extraordinary situation. It tells of their courage and tenacity against the odds and how these young men rose above themselves to survive the most harrowing 9-day ordeal.

Book Reviews

	Your number’s not dry by Eric Hayes – reviewed by Doug Roser This is an easy-to-read insight into life in the Royal Air Force (RAF) from immediately after World War II until the early 1990s.
	Gallipoli – attack from the sea by Victor Rudenno – reviewed by Ken Broadhead This is a book about the British and French land and sea campaigns against the Turks in the Dardanelles in 1914-16 and the response of the Turks and their German and Austrian allies to them. It explains clearly just how inter-dependent the land and sea campaigns conducted by the British and French were and recounts how offensive naval operations preceded and were concurrent with the land operations right up to the evacuation.
	Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War by G. F. R. Henderson – reviewed by Priscilla Leece The Institute’s Ursula Davidson Library contains a treasure-trove of military literature dating from the late 18th century, and this biography of Lieutenant-General Thomas J. (“Stonewall”) Jackson of American Civil War fame, by one of Victorian England’s leading military historians, is among the best of them.

Cover

	Signaller Sean McCarthy, Special Air Service Regiment, who was killed in a road-side bomb attack in Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan, on 8 July 2008, aged 25 years. In an article commencing on page 9, Brigadier Phil Winter and colleagues describe the improvised explosive devices threat and actions being taken by the Australian Defence Force to counter it. Photo: Department of Defence.

United Service, Volume 59, Number 2, June 2008

– ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Commemorative Features

	“Happy Valley”: the Ruhr Valley as Experienced by Bomber Command Aircrews in World War II – Flying Officer Ross Pearson Ross Pearson provides an insight into what the aircrews of Bomber Command experienced when attacking targets in Germany’s industrial heartland during World War II.
	Operation Pedestal – Brigadier David Leece Operation Pedestal, which was undertaken in August 1942 to re-supply the island of Malta, is illustrative of the vital role played by the Merchant Navy in World War II.

Lectures and Presentations

	Air Transport Operations – Past, Present and Future – Air Commodore ‘Jack’ Plenty Air transport is an integral component of contemporary military operations. In the Royal Australian Air Force, this capability is provided by the Air Lift Group. This paper outlines the Air Lift Group, its genesis in World War II, its current capability and the challenges it now faces.
	Researching Gallipoli: the Gallipoli Centenary Turkish Archives Research Project – Associate Professor Harvey Broadbent Little is known from primary historical sources about the Turkish conduct of the Gallipoli campaign in 1915, which the Turks refer to as the Canakkale campaign. This knowledge gap is about to be filled by the Gallipoli Centenary Turkish Archives Research Project.
	The Decline of Australian Shipping Since World War II – Dr John Spiers At the end of World War II, the Australian-flagged merchant shipping industry was a vital sector of the Australian transport system. In the post-war period, it was unable to withstand the competitive forces ranged against it. The Government eventually established its own Australian National Line (ANL) which out-competed the private shipowners in many trades, but political decisions imposed on ANL led to its eventual unprofitability and sale in the 1990s. Australia’s extensive shipping needs are now met primarily by foreign-flagged and foreign-crewed vessels.

Book Review

	The Beijing Conspiracy by Brigadier Adrian d’Hagé – reviewed by Brigadier David Leece This is a novel by a highly experienced Australian soldier and security expert which exposes four different terrorist scenarios – contingencies that our intelligence, defence and security agencies must plan and rehearse for and for which they must maintain constant vigilance.

Cover

	HMAS Larrakia training in the Timor Sea with one of the four Augusta Westland 109E helicopters recently leased by the Navy for four years from Raytheon Australia Pty. Ltd. Navy will use the helicopters for aircrew and fleet training, search and rescue, medical evacuation, and personnel transfers. Photo: Department of Defence.

United Service, Volume 59, Number 1, March 2008

– ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Anniversary Feature

	The German offensive of March 1918 – Brigadier Philip Carey To commemorate the 90th anniversary of the great German offensive on the Western Front in March 1918, Philip Carey summarises the strategic situation from both the German and British perspectives, outlines the tactics employed by both sides, and described the overall battle and its outcomes.

Lectures and Presentations

	Sixty years of Australian peacekeeping and peace operations today – Major General Tim Ford Peacekeeping ranks alongside warfighting and the provision of humanitarian aid as vital functions of the Australian Defence Force and Australian Federal Police. Here, Tim Ford traces the history of Australia’s involvement in peacekeeping and describes how the role has taken on a more robust and integrated nature since the end of the cold war.
	Recent changes at the Australian War Memorial – Major General Steve Gower Over the past decade, the Australian War Memorial in Canberra has embarked on an ambitious building programme and its exhibits and other services that it provides have undergone some profound changes. This paper outlines the changes that have been made and explains the vision and philosophy that have underpinned them.

Contributed Papers

	52nd Lowland Division at Gallipoli: a second Flodden – Lieutenant Colonel David Murray In the Gallipoli Campaign, the intensity of the fighting and the horrendous casualties suffered by the 52nd Lowland Division, particularly in the battles of 28 June and 12 July l915, well deserve the description, a “Second Flodden”.
	What may the wreck of the WWII cruiser Sydney reveal? – Dr Tom Lewis In November 1941, HMAS Sydney was patrolling off the West Australian coast when it chanced upon the German raider, Kormoran. In the ensuing engagement, both ships were severely damaged. The Kormoran sank and it is assumed that the Sydney also sank with the loss of all hands, but the wreck has never been found. In this paper, Tom Lewis indicates what the wreck, if found, might tell us about Australia’s greatest naval loss.

Obituaries

	Brigadier Sir Frederick Chilton CBE, DSO – Brigadier David Leece
	Mr Leo Mahony – Air Marshal David Evans

Book Reviews

	Eagle Fleet: the story of a tanker fleet in peace and war by W. E. Lucas – reviewed by Stella Green
	The Khyber Pass by Paddy Docherty – reviewed by David Leece
	Maralinga: Australia’s nuclear waste cover-up by Alan Parkinson – reviewed by David Leece

Cover

The memorial to the Third Australian Division 1916-1918 at Sailly-le-Sec, France. The obelisk stands prominently on the ridge north of the Somme River some 7 km east of Corbie where, on 28-29 March 1918 during the major German offensive of March 1918, the Third Division (Major-General John Monash) halted a German drive on Amiens and stabilised the collapsing British front in that sector. This month is the 90th anniversary of that action and an anniversary feature commences on p. 9. The photograph was taken during the Institute’s pilgrimage to the Western Front in July 1998 on the 80th anniversary of the final offensives of World War I. Photo: David Leece.

United Service, Volume 57, Number 4, December 2006

– ISSN 1038-1554
Editor: Brigadier David Leece PSM RFD ED (Retd)

Lectures and Presentations

	The contribution of the Australian Federal Police to national and international security – Commissioner Mick Keelty The Australian Federal Police is Australia's national policing agency, enforcing Commonwealth criminal law and protecting Commonwealth interests from crime, both within Australia and abroad. It is also Australia's international law representative and the chief source of advice to the Australian Government on policing issues. Here, Mick Keelty outlines the role it performs in national and international security.
	The Armidale Class patrol vessel – Peter Davey and Adrian Woodhouse, with David Leece The Royal Australian Navy’s new Armidale Class patrol is at the leading edge of international patrol boat design based on an off-the-shelf commercial high-performance monohull adapted for the specific needs of the Navy to operate from the tropical conditions of Australia’s north to the South Tasman Rise Fishery which lies some 300 nautical miles south of Tasmania (48°S).
	The RSL and the veteran community: future challenges – Major General Bill Crews The Returned & Services League of Australia (RSL) no longer enjoys either the political power of its early years or the full support of all veterans. Yet it continues to be highly effective in representing the interests and providing for the welfare of veterans. Here, its national president briefly traces the events that have brought the RSL to this point and outlines the challenges that it and the wider veteran community now face.
	Australian codebreaking in Word War II – Captain Ian Pfennigwerth Australians played a leading role in the breaking of Japanese codes both before and during World War II. Here, Ian Pfennigwerth describes the origins of the Australian codebreaking effort in the 1920s and traces its development and its contributions to Allied intelligence in the years leading up to and during the War in the Pacific.

Book and DVD Reviews

	Myth Maker: Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett; the Englishman Who Sparked Australia’s Gallipoli Legend by Fred and Elizabeth Brenchley – reviewed by Philip Carey
	Tobruk by Peter Fitzsimons – reviewed by Gordon Maitland
	Long Tan – the true story by Bruce Horsfield et al. – reviewed by David Leece

Cover

	Commissioner M. J. Keelty, APM, Commissioner of the Australian Federal Police, who was the guest of honour at the Institution’s 118th Anniversary Dinner at Parliament House, Sydney on 18 August 2006. His after-dinner address is published at pp. 11 – 13 of this issue. Photo: Australian Federal Police.